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| Title/Titolo:
Veni,
Veni, Emanuel Text on the booklet (Str 33580)
- I
piccoli Musici Conductor Mario Mora -
* Discanto XII Secolo : Veni,veni, Emanuel 3'13'' * Tradizionale Inglese eloborazione J.Rutter: A Merry Christmas 1'51'' * Henry Purcell : Sound the Trumpet 2' 11'' * Tradizionale Inglese eloborazione R.Giavina: What child is this 1'51'' * Franz Schubert: Seligkeit 2' 00'' * Melodia popolare veneta, elaborazione D.Stella : Senti, Senti Text on the booklet 2' 47'' * Gabriel Faurè: Maria Mater gratiae 2'44'' * Adolphe - Charles Adam elaborazione R.Giavina : O Holy Night ( Soli, S.S.A,Tromba,arpa e Organo) 4 ' 30'' * Luigi Panzeri : Quem vidistis pastores 3'33'' * Franz Xavier Gruber : Stille Nacht Text on the booklet 3'59'' * Johannes Brahms : Wiegenlied 3' 39 '' * Irving Berlin : White Christmas Text on the booklet 3' 26'' |
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| * Felix
Mendelssohn:
Grauss 2'44'' * Ninna Nanna Polacca : Gdy sliczna Panna 3'20'' * John Rutter : Star Carol 2'59'' * Melodia Pop Abruzzese : Quando nascette Ninno Text on the booklet 2'35'' * Ariel Ramirez- Felix Luna - El nacimiento 04'09'' * Tradizionale Tedesca: O Tannenbaum 3'05'' * Tradizionale Ungherese( elaborazione di M.Mahay): Mostan Kinyit 2'49'' _________Carlotta Bularelli (Arpa), Emilia Cappello (Chitarra), Luigi Panzeri (Organo), Luca Figaroli (Oboe), Stefano Mora (Percussioni), Alberto Braghini(Pianoforte), Paolo Bettoli(Tromba), Francesco Zani (Cornamusa Bergamasca), Cesare Zanetti, Elisabetta Gerosa (Violini), Graziano Spinnato (Viola), Maria Antonietta Puggioni (Violoncello) |
| Grazie a www.spettacolinews.it |
| 15/11/2010 Note di Natale Un cd sotto l'abero di Carmen Guadalaxara Video Foto Una valanga di Cd per augurarsi buon Natale : MICHAEL JACKSON: a un anno e mezzo dalla morte del re del pop e a circa un anno dall'uscita di This Is It, arriva il 10 dicembre Michael, il nuovo album di inediti che sara' anticipato dal singolo Hold my hand, in radio da domani. SUSAN BOYLE: la voce cristallina della fenomenale cantante scozzese interpreta alcuni brani natalizi e molte cover pop (Perfect Day di Lou Reed e 'Hallelujah di Leonard Cohen) nel suo secondo album, The Gift, appena uscito. ANNIE LENNOX: il titolo, A Christmas cornucopia, è tutto un programma. L'ex cantante degli Eurythmics non poteva rinunciare a un disco natalizio, visto che è nata proprio il giorno di Natale del 1954. Nel cd, brani del folklore francese, britannico e tedesco, accompagnati da un'orchestra di 30 elementi con il South African Children's Choir. Esce il 16 novembre. MARIAH CAREY: la popstar che in primavera diventerà mamma per la prima volta torna nella sua veste di cantante natalizia per eccellenza. Dopo il successo planetario del 1994 di All I Want For Christmas Is You, contenuta in un cd (Merry Christmas) che ha venduto 12 milioni di copie nel mondo, la Carey ci riprova con Merry Christmas II You, anticipato da Oh Santa!. Nella tracklist anche "O Come All Ye Faithful", in duetto con la mamma, la cantante d'opera Patricia Carey. Ma anche una nuova versione dell' indimenticabile All I Want For Christmas Is You. RIHANNA: la cantante delle Barbados esce il 16 novembre con un nuovo album, Loud, anticipato da Only Girl (In The World). NELLY FURTADO: il suo primo Greatest hits (The Best of Nelly Furtado), appena uscito, contiene i successi della cantante canadese e tre inediti: Night is Young, Girlfriend in the City e Stars. Nella versione deluxe anche un dvd di tutti i suoi video. LEONA LEWIS: dopo 6 milioni di copie vendute con il suo disco d'esordio, 4 Brit e 3 Grammy Nomination, Leona torna con il nuovo album Echo, in uscita domani. KID ROCK: il singolo si intitola Born Free, con cui il rocker del Michigan, dopo un tour in Iraq ed Afganistan per esprimere solidarietà e vicinanza alle truppe americane, si presenta con un album all'insegna del rock esplosivo per celebrare la democrazia e la libertà. La raccolta arriva il 16 novembre. BRITNEY SPEARS E ALICIA KEYS: a fine novembre escono gli album delle due artiste americane. Quello di Britney, The Singles Collection, è una raccolta dei singoli che l'hanno resa celebre, con un inedito dal titolo 3. Alicia propone invece Element of Freedom, anticipato dalla ballata Doesn't mean anything. RENATO ZERO: il re dei sorcini festeggerà il Natale la pubblicazione, dopo 25 anni, di 4 album storici completamente rimasterizzati e oltre 20 titoli fino ad oggi introvabili. Le prime quattro perle sono: Tregua, Artide Antartide, Via Tagliamento 1965-1970 e il rarissimo Prometeo (dal 26 novembre anche su iTunes e altri canali digitali). PINO DANIELE: torna con un nuovo album, Boogie Boogie Man (23 novembre), in cui il cantautore napoletano duetta con Mina, Franco Battiato, Mario Biondi e J-Ax. CARMEN CONSOLI: arriva il 16 novembre il Best of della cantantessa, 'Per niente stanca', che vanta una collaborazione con Tiziano Ferro, co-autore di "Guarda l'alba". BAUSTELLE: per un regalo davvero originale, torna nei negozi il primo album dei Baustelle, "Sussidiario illustrato della giovinezza". Pubblicato 10 anni fa, esce con una box deluxe a edizione limitata. CHRISTMAS IN JAZZ -"Christmas in Jazz" e' il titolo del nuovo album di Gianni Gandi & Orjana, prodotto dalla Mediterraneos Production e in vendita online. Il cd raccoglie le piu' belle canzoni della tradizione natalizia: Oh Happy Days, White Christmas Jazz, Jingle Bell Lounge Jazz, Halleluia Gospel, Jingle Bell Jazz, Bethlehem Jazz, Silver Bossa e I'll Be Home For Christmas. Tutti brani riarrangiati in versione jazz dal compositore e pianista Gianni Gandi e cantate da Orjana. Cantante di jazz e pop, Orjana inizia la sua carriera musicale a Roma nel 1995. E' una delle poche cantanti che a livello internazionale può vantare un'estensione vocale di quattro ottave e ha collaborato alla realizzazione di colonne sonore di numerosi film e spot televisivi |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_14_pi%C3%B9_belle_canzoni_dedicate_al_Natale Cronologia http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Le_14_pi%C3%B9_belle_canzoni_dedicate_al_Natale&action=history Le 14 più belle canzoni dedicate al NataleDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.Le 14 più belle canzoni dedicate al Natale è una raccolta di brani natalizi, eseguiti dal Piccolo coro dell'Antoniano. Questo cd contiene brani della tradizione natalizia, alcuni stranieri, ma con testi adattati in italiano. L'anno di edizione è il 1999 e l'editore è Antoniano. Tracce [modifica]
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weihnachtsgeschichte Cronologia http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weihnachtsgeschichte&action=history Weihnachtsgeschichteaus Wikipedia, der freien EnzyklopädieDie Weihnachtsgeschichte erzählt ursprünglich die Geschehnisse rings um die Geburt von Jesus von Nazareth. Neben der biblischen Weihnachtsgeschichte, die in Krippenspielen nachgespielt oder in Weihnachtskrippen nachgestellt wird, existieren heute auch unzählige andere Weihnachtsgeschichten, die die Weihnachtszeit zum Thema haben. Erzählungen rund um Weihnachten werden hauptsächlich während der Adventszeit nacherzählt.
Die Weihnachtsgeschichte in der Bibel [Bearbeiten]
Conrad von Soest: Die
Geburt Christi, 1404
Die Weihnachtsgeschichte nach Lukas [Bearbeiten]Die berühmteste Weihnachtsgeschichte ist die Erzählung über die Geburt Jesu Christi wie sie im Neuen Testament der Bibel vom Evangelisten Lukas in Lukas 2,1-20 EU, erzählt wird. Dieser Text wird im christlichen Kulturraum traditionellerweise am Heiligen Abend und am Weihnachtstag bei Gottesdiensten und Weihnachtsfeiern vorgelesen oder nacherzählt. Die Geschichte beginnt damit, dass Kaiser Augustus die erste Volkszählung der Geschichte durchführt und sich deswegen jede Familie in den Heimatort des Familienvaters begeben soll. Aus diesem Grund begibt sich Josef der Zimmermann mit seiner hochschwangeren Verlobten Maria nach Betlehem. Als sie dort ankommen, kommt Maria in die Wehen und bringt ihren ersten Sohn zur Welt. Das Neugeborene wird gewickelt und in eine Krippe gelegt. Daraus wird zumeist geschlossen, dass die Geburt in einem Stall stattfand; es heißt im Text ausdrücklich nur, dass das Paar keinen Platz in einer Herberge fand. Die Ställe um Bethlehem herum waren aus dem Felsen gehauen, so dass man davon ausgehen kann, dass die Futterkrippe eine einfache Wandnische in einer solchen Höhle war. Der Rest der Geschichte handelt davon, wie Hirten in der Nähe von einem Engel aufgesucht werden, der ihnen mitteilt, dass in Betlehem der Heiland (Messias) geboren worden sei. Da es in der Gegend um Betlehem im Dezember zwar kaum Nachtfröste gibt, aber vor allem im Winter keine Pflanzen wie Gräser usw. wachsen, werden die Schafe und Ziegen im Winter stets in Ställen gehalten. Daraus lässt sich schließen, dass Jesus nicht im Dezember geboren sein kann - das Datum des 25. Dezember wurde auch erst im vierten Jahrhundert unter Kaiser Konstantin I. festgelegt, wobei möglicherweise das Fest des Sonnengottes „Sol invictus“ eine Rolle spielte. Nach dieser Verkündigung kommt eine Schar von Engeln zu dem einen hinzu, und sie lobpreisen Gott im Himmel und verheißen den Menschen Frieden auf Erden. Hier ist der Text wieder doppeldeutig: Entweder wird der Friede allen Menschen gemäß dem guten Willen Gottes verheißen oder nur denjenigen Menschen, die guten Willens sind. Die Hirten beschließen, nach Betlehem zu eilen und dem Kind zu huldigen, das sie an seinem für Neugeborene ungewöhnlichen Aufenthaltsort identifizieren. Nachdem sie das Christkind gesehen und allen Umstehenden von ihrer Begegnung mit den Engeln erzählt haben, kehrten die Hirten wieder zu ihrer Herde zurück und „priesen und lobten Gott für alles, was sie gehört und gesehen hatten, wie denn zu ihnen gesagt war.“ Sie erzählen die frohe Botschaft, dass der versprochene Retter der Welt geboren ist.
Die Weihnachtsgeschichte nach Matthäus [Bearbeiten]Der Evangelist Matthäus erzählt die Geschichte auf andere Weise Mt 1,18-25; 2,1-23 EU. Danach wird Jesus in Betlehem geboren, wo Joseph und Maria wohnen. Sie bekommen Besuch von Magiern aus dem Osten, die von einem Stern dorthin geführt wurden. (Es ist zu beachten, dass Matthäus in diesem Zusammenhang weder von Königen spricht noch die Zahl drei benutzt – es können also auch mehr gewesen sein). Die Magier (griech.: μαγοι) huldigen dem Kind und bringen Geschenke. Weil sie auf der Suche nach dem neugeborenen König der Juden waren, hatten sie sich vorher im Königspalast im nahegelegenen Jerusalem erkundigt. Auf diesem Wege erfährt König Herodes davon, dass ein Rivale geboren wurde und befielt den Kindermord zu Betlehem, vor dem sich die heilige Familie, von einem Engel gewarnt, in Ägypten in Sicherheit bringen kann. Nach Herodes’ Tod im Jahre 4 v. Chr. kehren sie nach Palästina zurück und siedeln sich in Nazaret an.
Nachweise und Kritik [Bearbeiten]Beide biblischen Geschichten bemühen sich, das unerhörte Ereignis, auf das es ihnen ankommt, das Kommen des Messias und die Menschwerdung Gottes, mit zwei Strategien glaubhaft zu machen: Zum einen durch Anbindung an historische Gestalten – nirgendwo in der Bibel kommen außerbiblische Personen in derartiger Häufung vor (Augustus, Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, Herodes der Große) –, zum anderen durch Bezugnahme auf alttestamentliche Prophezeiungen, die Matthäus sogar explizit anführt.
Auch unterscheidet sich das Matthäus-Evangelium von den drei anderen durch eine eigentümliche Besonderheit. Durch anfangs immer wieder vorkommende Prophezeiungen aus dem Alten Testament, wie z. B.: „Dies alles ist geschehen, damit sich erfüllte, was der Herr durch den Propheten gesagt hat“ – eine Aussage, die eingestreut worden sein könnte, um Jesus als den erwarteten Messias und Erlöser zu bestätigen. Doch ausgerechnet bei seiner „Weisen-Erzählung“ unterlässt Matthäus einen solchen Hinweis. Dabei können in diesem Fall im Alten Testament sogar mit Psalm 72,10 LUT[1] und Jesaja 60,3.6 LUT zwei Stellen als Hinweise auf das Ereignis in Betlehem gedeutet werden. Der Grund für den Wegfall dieses Hinweises scheint auf der Hand zu liegen. Saba liegt im Süden der arabischen Halbinsel, also auch südlich von Jerusalem. Die Weisen und Gelehrten kamen aber von Osten - dies wusste natürlich auch Matthäus. Die Anbindung der Weihnachtsgeschichte wirft
ebenfalls Probleme auf. Verwirrung schafft bei manchen Wissenschaftlern
die Tatsache, dass Lukas anfangs des 2. Kapitels in zwei unmittelbar
aufeinander folgenden Sätzen zwei verschiedene römische
Verwaltungsvorgänge erwähnt, nämlich: Die Steuererklärungen der Bewohner der Provinzen erfolgte immer nach einem einheitlichen Steuerformular, welches in allen kaiserlichen Provinzen gleich war. Einem glücklichen Zufall ist es zu verdanken, dass im Jahre 1961 solch ein Formular vom Jahre 127 n. Chr. in einer Höhle westlich des toten Meeres gefunden wurde.[2] Auch 100 Jahre nach dem Tod Jesu mussten die Einwohner sich nachweisbar von ihrem Wohnort zu ihrem Geburtsort begeben, um ihre Steuerformulare vor römischen Beamten abzugeben. Deshalb ist es wahrscheinlich, dass auch Maria und Joseph für den Provincialcensus des Statthalters Publius Sulpicius Quirinius von Nazareth etwa 148 km nach Betlehem aufgebrochen waren - denn nur sie persönlich konnten dort vor Ort z. B. ererbten Grundbesitz deklarieren. Nach Meinung einiger Kritiker wohnte Joseph nach der lukanischen Tradition in Nazaret, was zu Galiläa gehörte, dies lag aber im Herrschaftsgebiet des Herodes des Großen, wo der römische Statthalter allenfalls indirekte Befehlsgewalt hatte. Und selbst wenn dieser ein Interesse daran gehabt hätte, auch die Einwohner ihrer Klientelstaaten zu erfassen, wäre es für die Römer, denen es auf funktionierende Steuerlisten ankam, äußerst unpraktisch gewesen, als Eintragungsort nicht den Wohnort, sondern den Stammsitz der Familie zu befehlen – im Falle Josephs eben Betlehem, wo rund tausend Jahre zuvor sein Ahnherr König David zur Welt gekommen war. Aus all diesen Widersprüchen innerhalb der beiden biblischen Weihnachtsgeschichten und zwischen ihnen ziehen heutezutage immer noch manche Historiker und Theologen den Schluss, dass es sich um literarische Fiktionen handelt, mit denen die Gottessohnschaft Christi und sein Kommen in die Welt historisch und prophetisch glaubhaft gemacht werden sollen. Es solle vermittelt werden, dass es sich bei dem Gottessohn auf Erden ihrer Ansicht nach nicht um eine mythische Gestalt, sondern um eine wahrhaftig historische Gestalt gehandelt habe.
Moderne Weihnachtsgeschichten [Bearbeiten]Geschichten, die während der Advents- und Weihnachtszeit erzählt werden, gibt es viele. Die meisten nehmen einige traditionelle Elemente auf, so beispielsweise Maria und Joseph, den Stern von Betlehem oder die Hirten. Andere Weihnachtsgeschichten transportieren den metaphysischen Sinn und die Moral der Weihnachtsgeschichte: Liebe, Gemeinschaft usw., oder bearbeiten das Thema Weihnachten auf satirische Weise.
Beispiele [Bearbeiten]
Siehe auch [Bearbeiten]
Weblinks [Bearbeiten]
Literatur [Bearbeiten]
Quellen und Verweise [Bearbeiten]
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosian_chant Cronologia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambrosian_chant&action=history Ambrosian chantFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAmbrosian chant (also known as Milanese chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Ambrosian rite of the Roman Catholic Church, related to but distinct from Gregorian chant. It is primarily associated with the Archdiocese of Milan, and named after St. Ambrose much as Gregorian chant is named after Gregory the Great. It is the only surviving plainchant tradition besides the Gregorian to maintain the official sanction of the Roman Catholic Church.
[edit] HistoryThe history of Milan as a center for religious music goes back to St. Ambrose. Ambrose is not known to have composed any of the Ambrosian chant repertory, much as Gregory the Great is not known to have composed any Gregorian chant. However, during his fourth-century tenure as Bishop of Milan, he is credited with introducing hymnody from the Eastern Church into the West. Ambrose composed original hymns as well, four of which still survive, along with music which may not have changed too much from the original melodies. In his writings, Ambrose refers only to the performance of antiphonal psalms, in which solo singing of psalm verses alternated with a congregational refrain called an antiphon. Over time, the Milanese liturgy developed into the Ambrosian rite, which shares more in common with the Gallican and Mozarabic rites than with the Roman. Ambrosian chant developed to meet the particular needs of the Ambrosian liturgy. Although the Ambrosian rite is liturgically related to other rites and Ambrosian chant is musically related to other plainchant traditions, different categories of chant, different chant texts, and different musical styles make Ambrosian chant a distinct musical repertory. By the 8th century, this chant was attested to be normative across northern Italy, perhaps reaching into southern Italy as well. Between the 8th and 13th centuries, however, the Carolingian chant commissioned by Charlemagne developed into what we now know as Gregorian chant, which began to influence and eventually replace most of the other Western plainchant traditions. By the 12th century, the Mozarabic, Gallican, Celtic, Old Roman, and Beneventan chant traditions had all been effectively superseded by Gregorian chant. Ambrosian chant alone survived, despite the efforts of several Popes over a period of several centuries to establish Gregorian hegemony. A chronicle by the Milanese historian Landolphus from around the year 1000 recounts a legend that two Sacramentaries, one Gregorian and one Ambrosian, were placed on an altar to see which chant had divine acceptance; miraculously, both books opened simultaneously, showing both were equally acceptable. Ambrosian chant did not wholly escape Gregorian influence. The earliest 8th-century fragments, and the more complete chantbooks from the 11th and 12th centuries that preserve the first recorded musical notation, show marked differences between the Gregorian and Ambrosian repertories. Later additions to the Ambrosian repertory, whose style differs from the earlier chants, may reflect Gregorian influence. Although St. Charles Borromeo fought to keep the Ambrosian rite intact during Spanish occupation, a contemporary edition of Ambrosian chant, published by Perego in 1622, attempts to categorize the Ambrosian chants into the eight Gregorian modes, which is not generally accepted as an accurate reflection of the actual musical practice of the time. Ambrosian chant has survived to the present day, although its use is now limited primarily to the greater part of the Archdiocese of Milan and environs, parts of Lombardy, and parts of the Swiss Diocese of Lugano. Most recently, it survived the changes to the liturgy established by Vatican II, in part due to the prior tenure of Pope Paul VI as Archbishop of Milan.
[edit] General characteristicsAmbrosian chant is largely defined by its role in the liturgy of the Ambrosian rite, which is more closely related to the northern "Gallic" liturgies such as the Gallican rite and the Mozarabic rite than the Roman rite. Musically, however, Ambrosian chant is closely related to the Gregorian and Old Roman chant traditions. Many chants are common to all three, with musical variation. Like all plainchant, Ambrosian chant is monophonic and a cappella. In accordance with Roman Catholic tradition, it is primarily intended to be sung by males, and many Ambrosian chants specify who is to sing them, using phrases such as cum Pueris (by a boys' choir) and a Subdiaconis (by the subdeacons). Stylistically, the Ambrosian chant repertoire is not generally as musically uniform as the Gregorian. Ambrosian chants are more varied in length, ambitus, and structure. Even within individual categories of chant, Ambrosian chants vary from short and formulaic to prolix and melismatic, and may be freely composed or show significant internal melodic structure. Its most distinctive feature compared with other plainchant repertories is a significantly higher amount of stepwise motion, which gives Ambrosian melodies a smoother, almost undulating feel. In manuscripts with musical notation, the neume called the climacus dominates, contributing to the stepwise motion. More ornamental neumes such as the quilisma are nearly absent from the notated scores, although it is unclear whether this reflects actual performance practice, or is simply a consequence of the relatively late musical transcription. The Gregorian system of modes does not apply to Ambrosian chant. Although there are no b-flats indicated in the musical notation, it seems likely that they were understood, based on Guido d'Arezzo's description of the "more perdulcis Ambrosii." Nearly all of the texts used in Ambrosian chant are biblical prose, not metrical poetry, despite Ambrose having introduced Eastern hymnody to the West. Ambrosian chant serves two main functions in the Ambrosian liturgy: to provide music for the chanting of the Psalms in the monastic Offices, and to cover various actions in the celebration of the Mass.
[edit] Chants of the Office
Sant'Ambrogio Basilica
The Office chants of the Ambrosian repertoire are still largely unresearched, so only preliminary evaluations have been made. The minor hours have little of musical interest: some hymns, and the simplest of reciting tones only. The main chants of the Office are those of Matins, Vespers and the Vigils. The Psalms are sung at Matins and Vespers in a rotating schedule so that all 150 Psalms are chanted every two weeks. The Psalms are each sung to a psalm tone, with a simple antiphon between each verse. The system of psalm tones in Ambrosian chant differs in several respects from the Gregorian system of psalm tones. In the Gregorian system, psalm tones are based on the mode of the antiphon. Ambrosian chants, including psalm antiphons, do not conform to the Gregorian system of modes. Each Ambrosian psalm antiphon belongs to one of four different series depending on its final pitch. Within each series, there are several possible psalm tones corresponding to the predominant pitch of the antiphon, which may or may not correspond to the "dominant" pitch of Gregorian modes. Finally, each psalm tone is given a cadential formula that lets the tone segue smoothly back into the antiphon. This system results in a much larger number of possible psalm tones in Ambrosian chant than exists in Gregorian chant. Structurally, psalm tones in Ambrosian chant consist of an incipit, a recitation formula, and a cadence, lacking the mediant flex found in Gregorian psalm tones. Other Vespers chants include the Psallendae and the Antiphonae in choro. Psallendae comprise the largest category of Ambrosian Office chants. Two Psallendae, similar to the Marian antiphons of Gregorian chant, are performed on the more solemn Vespers, to cover processions. They conclude with one of several recitation tones that segue into the Gloria Patri. Antiphonae in choro are similar in style, but have no psalm or verse. Responsoria occur in both Matins and Vespers. Their names often identify who is to sing them: the boys' choir, the deacon, the subdeacons, and so on. A Responsorium usually consists of a refrain called a respond, a verse, and a repetition of an expanded part of the respond. These expansions contain some of the longest melismas of the Ambrosian chant repertoire, which often contain complex repeat structures. Vespers begin with a chant called the Lucernarium and end with the Completorium. The word Lucernarium hearkens back to the original function of Vespers as a time of lighting lamps, and the texts of Lucernaria usually contain some reference to light, such as Quoniam tu illuminas, Paravi lucernam, and Dominus illuminatio. Stylistically, Lucernaria and Completaria vary. Some are proper, specific to certain feasts, while others are ordinary and can be used throughout the year. They range from highly elaborate chants to simple reciting tones. There are relatively few Lucernaria and Completaria; four Completaria are used for all but three days of the year.
[edit] Chants of the MassThe Mass is the Christian celebration of the Eucharist. Plainchant occurs prominently in the Mass for several reasons: to communally affirm the faith, to expand on the scriptural lessons, and to cover certain actions. The chants of the Mass divide into the ordinary, whose texts are invariable, and the proper, whose texts change depending on the feast. There are several differences between the Ambrosian rite and the Roman rite, which are reflected in the Ambrosian and Gregorian chant traditions.
[edit] Ordinary chants of the MassThe ordinary chants consist of the Laus Missa or Gloria, the Symbolum, and the Sanctus. The Symbolum corresponds to the Credo in the Roman rite. Unlike Gregorian chant, there is no Agnus Dei nor Ite missa est, and the Kyrie does not exist as a separate category of chant. Only a small number of each of these ordinary chants exist: four Gloria melodies, four Sanctus melodies, and just one melody for the Symbolum. The Symbolum melody is quite simple, just a slightly ornamented reciting tone. Of the four Gloria melodies, one is simple like the Symbolum melody, one is an expanded version of the simple melody, and one is a freely composed syllabic and neumatic melody consisting of only one or just a few pitches per syllable. The fourth melody is elaborately melismatic. All four melodies segue into a very simple threefold Kyrie chant. Only two of the few Sanctus melodies are regularly used, both fairly simple.
[edit] Proper chants of the MassThe Ingressa corresponds to the Introit in the Roman rite. Unlike the Introit, the Ingressa has no psalm verse or doxology. While the Introit fills in the time that the celebrant processes to the altar, the Ingressa is sung during the censing of the altar. The next three proper chants follow and amplify three readings from Scripture. The Psalmellus follows the Prophecy, the Old Testament reading, and corresponds to the Gregorian Gradual. The Post Epistolam or Alleluia follows the reading of the Epistle, and corresponds to the Gregorian Alleluia. Ambrosian Alleluias show an even higher degree of adaptation, reusing melodies for the texts of different feasts, than do the Gregorian Allleluias. Unlike the Gregorian Alleluia, the Ambrosian Alleluia kept an extended repeat called the jubilus. During penitential periods, the Post Epistolam is replaced by the Cantus, which corresponds to the Gregorian Tract. The Cantus melodies belong to a common type, related to the Old Roman and Beneventan chant traditions. The chant following the final lesson, from the Gospel, is the Post Evangelium, which has no counterpart in the Roman Rite. The Offertorium is sung during the bringing of gifts to the altar, corresponding to the Gregorian Offertory. While the Gregorian Offertories had lost their verses by the 12th century, some Ambrosian Offertoria retained their verses, every bit as complex as their defunct Gregorian counterparts. The Confractorium is sung during the breaking of the bread, which has no counterpart in Gregorian chant. Finally, the Transitorium, so called because it originally involved the transfer of a book to the opposite side of the altar, corresponds to the Gregorian Communion. Many Transitorium texts are direct translations of Greek originals, although the melodies are not demonstably Byzantine. The Ingressa, Post Evangelium, Confractorium, and Transitorium never have verses, while the other chants may have responds and verses, up to three verses for some Cantus melodies. The Psalmellus, Post Evangelium, Offertoria, and Transitoria sometimes show complex repeat structures.
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