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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian Cronologia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gao_Xingjian&action=history Gao XingjianFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gao Xingjian (pron. IPA: [káu ɕĭŋ tɕiɛ̂n]; Chinese: 高行健; Pinyin: Gāo Xíngjiàn; Wade-Giles: Kao Hsing-chien; born January 4, 1940), is a Chinese émigré novelist, dramatist and critic, who received the 2000 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is also a noted translator, particularly of Samuel Beckett and Eugène Ionesco, a stage director and a celebrated painter.
[edit] LifeGao's original hometome is Taizhou (泰州), Jiangsu Province. Born in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China, Gao has been a French citizen since 1998. In 1992 he was awarded the Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government.
[edit] Early years in Jiangxi & JiangsuGao's father was a clerk in the Bank of China, and his mother was a member of Young Men's Christian Association. His mother was once a playactress of Anti-Japanese Theater during the Second Sino-Japanese War period. Under his mother's influence, Gao enjoyed painting, writing and theater very much when he was a ittle boy. During his middle school years, he read lots of literature works translated from the West, and he studied sketching, ink and wash painting, oil painting and clay sculpture under the guidance of painter Yun Zongyin (Traditional Chinese:鄆宗嬴; Simplified Chinese: 郓宗嬴; Pinyin: yùn zōng yíng). 1950, his family moved to Nanjing, the capital city of Jiangsu Province. 1952, Gao entered the Nanjing Number 10 Middle School (南京市第十中学; later known as the Middle School attached to Jinling University, 金陵大学附属中学; Jinling University now is named Nanjing University).
[edit] Years in Beijing & AnhuiIn 1957 Gao graduated, and listening to his mother's advice, chose Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU, 北京外国语大学) instead of the Central Academy of Fine Arts (中央美术学院), although he was thought to be talented in art. In 1962 Gao graduated from the Department of French, BFSU, and then entered the Chinese International Bookstore (中国国际书店), where he became a professional translator. During the 1970s, because of the Down to the Countryside Movement, he went to and stayed in the countryside and did farm labour in Anhui Provice. He taught as a Chinese teacher in Gangkou Middle School (港口中学), Ningguo Xian (宁国县), Anhui Province for a short period of time. In 1975, he was allowed to go back to Beijing and became the group leader of French translation for the magazine Construction in China (《中国建设》). In 1977 Gao worked for the Committee of Foreign Relationship, Chinese Association of Writers (中国作家协会对外联络委员会). In May 1979, he visited Paris with Chinese writers including Ba Jin (巴金), and served as a French-Chinese translator in the group. In 1980, Gao became a screenwriter and playwright for the Beijing People's Art Theater (北京人民艺术剧院). Gao is known as a pioneer of absurdist drama in China, where Signal Alarm (《绝对信号》, 1982) and Bus Stop (《车站》, 1983) were produced during his term as resident playwright at the Beijing People's Art Theatre from 1981 to 1987. Influenced by European theatrical models, it gained him a reputation as an avant-garde writer. His other plays, The Primitive (1985) and The Other Shore (《彼岸》, 1986), all openly criticized the state government. In 1986 Gao was misdiagnosed with lung cancer, and he began a 10-month trekking odyssey along the Yangtze, which resulted in his novel Soul Mountain (《灵山》). The part-memoir, part-novel, first published in Taiwan in 1989, mixes literary genres and shifting narrative voices. It has been specially cited by the Swedish Nobel committee as "one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves".
[edit] Years in Europe (Paris)By 1987, Gao shifted to Paris, France. The political Fugitives (1989), which references the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, resulted in all his works being banned from performance in native China.
[edit] Selected works
[edit] Dramas & Performances
[edit] Novels
[edit] Others
[edit] Works of Gao Xingjian in English
[edit] Literature
[edit] Poem by Gao XingjianWhilst being forced to work as a peasant - a form of 're-education' under the Cultural Revolution - in the 1970s, Gao Xingjian produced many plays, short stories, poems and critical pieces that he had to eventually burn to avoid the consequences of having his dissident literature discovered.[1] Of the work his produced subsequently, he published no collections of poetry, being known more widely for his drama, fiction and essays. However, one short poem exists that represents a distinctively modernist style that is akin to his other writings.
天葬台
宰了 割了 烂捣碎了 燃一柱香 打一声呼哨 来了 就去了 来去都干干净净 Translation:
Sky Burial
Cutted Scalped Pounded into pieces Light an incense Blow the whistle Come Gone Out and out
[edit] PaintingGao is a renowned painter, especially for his ink and wash painting.
[edit] Exhibitions
[edit] Comments
[edit] Official response from mainland ChinaAlthough the general position by the Chinese media and current government towards Gao is that of silence, the Yangcheng Evening News (《羊城晚报》), a state-run newspaper, in 2001, criticized one of his works. A Chinese columnist called him an "awful writer", and said that the idea of him winning the Nobel Prize was "ludicrous". By the way, during Gao's early age in mainland China, his works were also published and his dramas were also performed, which also had a large group of readers and audiences. He was considered as an "experimental playwriter" or an avant-courier. Since the ban of his works and his migration to Europe, he has become less known or even unknown in China. The Premier Zhu Rongji delivered a congratulations message to Gao when interviewed by the Hong Kong newspaper East Daily (《东方日报》):
[edit] Comments from Chinese writersGao's works has led to fierce discussions among Chinese writers, both positive and negative. Many Chinese writers comment that Gao has opened a new approach for Chinese modern literature, and his winning Nobel Prize in its 100-Year's Anniversary is a happy occasion for Chinese literature world. On the other side, some writers think that Gao is not among the top Chinese writers and he is not the right candidate for winning the Nobel Prize. Before 2000, a dozen of Chinese writers and scholars already predicted Gao's winning Nobel Prize in Literature, including Hu Yaoheng (Chinese:胡耀恒) [1] Pan Jun (潘军) [2] just in 1999. Due to Chinese literature (characters, language, etc) has the longest continuous tradition [3] and heavily influenced East Asia literature, Chinese language elements are widely used in several languages including Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese, plus within 20th century Japanese writers have already won the prize, before 2000 many Chinese writers have predicted that soon in the new century there would be a winner with Chinese background.
[edit] Trivial
[edit] Prize
[edit] References
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