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| Iceland Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Drying Shark in Borgarfjrur eystri Drying Shark in Borgarfjrur eystri newgypsy Iceland was settled in the 9th century by Norse vikings. The first settlement to last was that of Ingolfur Arnarson in Reykjavik. This is where most of the people of Iceland live. Reykjavik has a bustling nightlive, an exciting arts scene, and offers visitors the opportunity to explore the countryside in short trips to areas such as Thingvellir, Gullfoss and Geysir. |
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| If you are interested in nature, Iceland is a great place to visit. In the
summer, many companies offer guided bus trips that will take you around the
country. You can also take the bus by yourself and go on hikes near places
such as Thorsmoerk, Snaefellsjoekull, and more. Another alternative is to
ride horseback across the highlands. Additional Notes: The terrain in Iceland is so rugged due to centuries of volcanic activity, this is where the US tested their lunar landing module that eventually drove on the moon! Also because of Norse woodcutting and volcanic activity, there are virtually no trees on the island! There is one small "forest" that is a national reservation. _________Sights Edit This Iceland Iceland www.icelandphotos.net Iceland has a spectacular landscape. It has a number of active volcanoes, hot springs, lakes, rivers, and mountains. Even if you only have a couple of days to spend, you can visit some of the great historical sites. The Golden Circle tour will take you to Thingvellir (site of the oldest parliament in the world), Gullfoss (Europe's largest waterfall) and Geysir (the one for whom geysers around the world are named). All this in only an afternoon. If you have more time to spend, you may want to rent a car and drive around the state. [Add Sight] Glaciers in Iceland Edit This Glaciers in Iceland cover about 11% of the total area of the island, and they form o ne of the most distinctive features of Iceland. Almost all types of glaciers are found in Iceland, ranging from the small cirque glaciers to larger glacier caps. Vatnajkull in Southeast Iceland is the largest of the glacier caps not only in the country but also in Europe, with an area of almost 8,300 square km, equal in size to all the glaciers on the European mainland put together. Its thickness varies from 400m to 1,000 m. One of its southern outlets, more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.gtyrfingsson.is Hekla Volcano Edit This Mount Hekla is without a doubt Iceland's most famous volcano. It is still very active, erupting most recently in 1970, 1980, 1981 and in 1991. The last eruption started on 26th February in 2000 and lasted for 12 days; the lava from this eruption covers approximately 18 km2. Instead of a classical volcano cone, Hekla is part of a rather squat series of ridges, although this is usually hidden behind a thick bank of clouds that earned Mount Hekla its menacing name, which means the more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.gtyrfingsson.is Northern Lights in Iceland Edit This i photo by: yestreen Long dark winter nights are never as dreary as they may seem: Iceland is compensated with the natural phenomenon of the Northern Lights also called Aurora Borealis, which can often be seen dancing in the Icelandic sky. On clear, cold nights the Northern lights swirl around colorfully in dramatic shapes across the night sky. The lights are truly an amazing sight. The Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights are undoubtedly one of the most spectacular and beautiful of natures phenomena. In classic more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.auroraexperience.com The Blue Lagoon Edit This The Blue Lagoon, a unique natural pool of geothermal seawater (37-39C) in the middle of a moss-covered lava field, is one of the most interesting places to visit in Iceland. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.bluelagoon.com Jkulsrln Edit This The Glacier lagoon in Iceland is close to highway number one, about 350 km east from Reykjavk, and it is told to be one of the greatest wonders of nature in Iceland. The surface is at sea level and sea water flows into the lagoon at high tide. Huge blocks of ice constantly break off the glacier, Breidamerkurjokull glacier, and large icebergs from the glacier float on the lagoon. The lagoon never looks the same and is really alive. The lagoon is not very wide but it up to 160 metres deep. The glacier Breiamerkurjkull glacier is an outlet of the Vatnajkull more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.gtyrfingsson.is ____________History Edit This ingvellir ingvellir Ryan McGuire Iceland was settled in the late 9th and early 10th centuries principally by people of Norse origin. In 930 A.D. the ruling chiefs established a republican constitution and an assembly called the Althingi--the oldest parliament in the world. Iceland remained independent until 1262 when Iceland entered into a treaty which established a union with the Norwegian monarchy. It passed to Denmark in the late 14th century when Norway and Denmark were united under the Danish crown. In the early 19th century national consciousness revived in Iceland. The Althingi had been abolished in 1800 but was reestablished in 1843 as a consultative assembly. In 1874 Denmark granted Iceland home rule in 1874 which again was extended in 1904. The constitution written in 1874 was revised in 1903 and a minister for Icelandic affairs residing in Reykjavik was made responsible to the Althingi. The Act of Union a 1918 agreement with Denmark recognized Iceland as a fully sovereign state united with Denmark under a common king. Iceland established its own flag and asked that Denmark represent its foreign affairs and defense interests. German occupation of Denmark in 1940 severed communications between Iceland and Denmark. In May 1940 Iceland was occupied by British military forces. In July 1941 responsibility for Iceland's defense passed to the United States under a U.S. - Icelandic defense agreement. Following a plebiscite Iceland formally became an independent republic on June 17 1944. In October 1946 the Icelandic and U.S. Governments agreed to terminate U.S. responsibility for the defense of Iceland but the United States retained certain rights at Keflavik. Iceland became a charter member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. After the outbreak of hostilities in Korea in 1950 and pursuant to the request of NATO military authorities the United States and Iceland agreed that the United States should again be responsible for Iceland's defense. This agreement signed on May 5 1951 is the authority for U.S. military presence in Iceland. Iceland is the only NATO country with no military forces. __________Getting There Edit This Follow the Rainbow to Mystical Iceland Follow the Rainbow to Mystical Iceland Ryan McGuire Icelandair is the official airline of Iceland. There are flights from major European cities and New York. Icelandair maintains regular scheduled flights to Iceland from the following cities: ALLYEAR: London, Glasgow, Copenhagen, Oslo, Paris, Stockholm, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Halifax, Boston, New York, Baltimore and Minneapolis. SUMMERTIME ONLY: San Francisco, Zurich, Barcelona, Milan, Hamburg and Madrid. Iceland Express is a low-budget alternative to Icelandair. See By Air Contributors September 28, 2006 change by s14tgctc [Add Global transport mode] Iceland Express Edit This Iceland now has its own low cost airline: Icelandexpress which flies from Keflavik International in Iceland to Copenhagen, London and Frankfurt-Hahn. The low cost flight search engine dohop is very useful for finding connecting flights with low cost airlines from many more places in Europe. type: By Air World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.icelandexpress.com Icelandair Canada Edit This Icelandair general sales agent within Canada. type: By Air World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 1 204 949-3023 url: www.iceland-experience.com email: icelandair@gctc-mst.com __________Economy Edit This Economyoverview: Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic yet with an extensive welfare system low unemployment and remarkably even distribution of income. The economy depends heavily on the fishing industry which provides 75% of export earnings and employs 12% of the work force. In the absence of other natural resourcesexcept energyIceland's economy is vulnerable to changing world fish prices. The economy remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to drops in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products aluminum and ferrosilicon. The center-right government plans to continue its policies of reducing the budget and current account deficits limiting foreign borrowing containing inflation revising agricultural and fishing policies diversifying the economy and privatizing state-owned industries. The government remains opposed to EU membership primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Growth is likely to slow in 1998 to a still respectable 3.9%. GDP: purchasing power parity$5.71 billion (1997 est.) GDPreal growth rate: 4.9% (1997 est.) GDPper capita: purchasing power parity$21 000 (1997 est.) GDPcomposition by agriculture: 9.6% industry: 22.1% services: 68.3% (1991) Inflation rateconsumer price index: 2.3% (1996) Labor force: total: 131 000 (1996 est.) by occupation: manufacturing 12.9% fishing and fish processing 11.8% construction 10.7% other services 59.5% agriculture 5.1% (1996 est.) Unemployment rate: 3.8% (1997 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.9 billion expenditures: $2.1 billion including capital expenditures of $146 million (1996 est.) Industries: fish processing; aluminum smelting ferrosilicon production geothermal power; tourism Industrial production growth rate: NA% Electricitycapacity: 1.083 million kW (1995) Electricityproduction: 4.916 billion kWh (1995) Electricityconsumption per capita: 18 481 kWh (1995) Agricultureproducts: potatoes turnips; cattle sheep; fish catch of about 1.1 million metric tons in 1992 Exports: total value: $1.8 billion (f.o.b. 1996) commodities: fish and fish products 75% animal products aluminum ferrosilicon diatomite partners: UK 19% Germany 14% US 12% Japan 11% Denmark 8% France 7% (1995) Imports: total value: $2 billion (f.o.b. 1996) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment petroleum products foodstuffs textiles partners: Germany 11% Norway 10% UK 10% Denmark 9% US 8% Sweden 7% (1995) Debtexternal: $2.2 billion (1996 est.) Economic aid: $NA Currency: 1 Icelandic krona (IKr) = 100 aurar Exchange rates: Icelandic kronur (IKr) per US$172.707 (January 1998) 70.904 (1997) 66.500 (1996) 64.692 (1995) 69.944 (1994) 67.603 (1993) Fiscal year: calendar year __________Day Trips Edit This JULY 2007,Reykjavic. What a great place to go,we had a week there and enjoyed every day. Very expensive, but you can eat reasonably cheap if you buy from the 24 hour mini market,which was next to our hotel.Radisson 1919. We ate out each evening and found some great places, especially a vegetarian place which had really good food and inexpensive. We took the Golden circle tour which took us through the Icelandic national park, it was beautiful.The Gulfoss waterfall was stunning.Saw the Geysir. We spent some time walking around 101 Reykjavic,checking shops etc, the "pond" was a great place to sit and relax. We took a whale-watching trip and saw a few minke whales surfacing,and the puffins at puffin island,you best have binoculars though, but it was strange to think i got sunburned in Iceland. The Blue lagoon was well worth a visit and took about 3 hours.we booked the trip before we left. We walked up to the Perl and had a fantastic panoramic view around this lovely city, it was a beauty spot,where we sat and ate sandwhiches in the sun overlooking the bay and Reykjavic domestic airport with it's regular small planes taking off and landing.After,we walked along the seashore and sat on the small sandy beach for an hour or so before walking home. We booked through Expedia and i can thoroughly recomend them, make sure you book some trips on-line before you go on holiday,we did, 2 of them, we booked the whale-watching at the harbour as there are plenty of boats going out daily. All in all, a great holiday, if i went again, i would love to visit in winter, and more north in the country, maybe soon,,,,,,,, [Add Day Trip] Ghosts, Elves, Trolls and Northern Lights Edit This An evening tour including a visit to the popular Ghost Center and the Icelandic Wonders Centre, as well as an adventure search for the Northern Lights. To see Aurora Borealis or Northern lights depends mostly on the weather conditions. The sky should be clear and dark. World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 00354 482 1210 url: www.gtyrfingsson.is email: gt@gtyrfingsson.is ____________People Edit This i_1 The Icelandic people are highly intelligent, exceptionally literate but can be cool and cautious at first towards foreigners yet fascinated as to your reasons for visiting their remote island outpost. Icelanders are quite proud of their heritage and technological and economic achievements in their chilly but beautiful country, and this patriotism is quite noticeable to foreigners. However, Icelanders are generally friendly and polite if somewhat reserved, and will open up in conversations. Since roughly 190,000 souls of the total population of 300,000 live in the Reykjavik metropolitan area, there is quite a distinction between the urban population and those that live in the remote villages that rarely exceed a population of 1,000. Particularly, a kind of rivalry can be found between the inhabitants of Reykjavik and those of the country's second town, Akureyri (roughly 15,000 inhabitants), which is supposed to be less cosmopolitan and fancy than the capital. In general, Reykjaviks citizens will likely appear a little more reserved and self conscious than the more down to earth rurals, although of course this is a generalization. Some of the Viking settlers brought with them Irish slaves, therefore Icelanders are a mix of tall, blonde, fair-haired (occasionally red-headed) and blue-eyed. This is best seen on weekend nights where the streets of Reykjavik turn into one huge catwalk with very well groomed, well styled and stunningly beautiful locals cruising the bar and club scene. ::::::::::Akureyri Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Akureyri at summer Akureyri at summer Jon M Jonsson Akureyri is the largest town outside of the capital area in Iceland with a population of 15,000. It is located on Eyjafjordur Fjord. It's mostly an industrial town with shipping and dairy industries, and home of Akureyri University. Akureyri also is the site of the second oldest gymnasium (high school/college) in Iceland. Sights include the folklore museum and the botanical gardens. A trip to nearby Lake Myvatn should also be on your list. Referred to by Icelanders as the Capital of the North, Akureyri has a surprisingly active cultural life for such a small town. A number of art galleries operate year round, and a professional theater company operates during the winter. There is plenty of nightlife, with places such as the relatively large dance hall Sjallinn, where Icelandic bands play most weekends, Kaffi Akureyri which is a bar with a 25-35 year old crowd and a dance floor, and quiet coffee houses Kaffi Bar, Kaffi Karlna and Bla Kannan. ::::::Borgarnes Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo_3 Borgarnes is first mentioned in Egils Saga, but there it is called Digranes. That is where the coffin of Kveldlfur, the father of Skallagrmur, drifted ashor. Skallagrmur set up his household at Borg, near the place where the coffin came ashor. Among Skallagrms shipmates was a man named Grani. He got land on Digranes and called his farm Granastair and is said to be the first settler in Borgarnes. No mention is of a settlement in Borgarnes from the days of Grani until the 19th century, when a few houses were built there in connection with trading. The history of Borgarnes is tied up with the countryside. During the Danish trading monopoly people in Borgarfjrur had to trade either with Reykjavk or Snfellsnes. When the monopoly was abolished a need for more trading centers arose and Borgarnes was authorised as such by a kings decree the 22nd of March 1867. The first known building in Borgarnes after Granis time was a small house erected for the canning of salmon in 1857. This house was pulled down a few years later. In the year 1877 a merchant named Akra-Jn had a trading house built near Baklettur and the year after also a dwelling-house near by, which is still standing almost unaltered. Since then Borgarnes has been the center of trade and administration in the district of Borgarfjrur. In Borgarnes many place-names from Egils Saga are to be found, such as Brkar strait and Brkar island, and street-names such as Skallagrmsroad, Kvedlfsroad, Bvarsroad and Egilsroad. Borgarnes has about 1800 inhabitants and in the whole district of Borgarfjrur there are about 3400 inhabitants. Borgarnes is the center of communication, trade and administration, with a health center, shops, a hotel, restaurants and other services. Borgarnes has a good elementary school, kindergartens, vigorous social life and good public service. There is plenty of building lots available, both for apartments and business. Borgarfjararhra boasts two universities; the University of commerce at Bifrst and the University of agriculture at Hvanneyri. :::::::::Dalvkurbygg Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The community of Dalvkurbygg was formed in 1998 by the merger of three districts of the outer Eyjafjrur: the town of Dalvk and the rural districts of Svarfaardalur and rskgur. The logo of Dalvk shows three mountains, signifying the merger of the three communities. The population of Dalvk is nearly 2.000. The local economy is mostly based upon the fisheries and fish processing, in addition to various industrial and food enterprises, services, commerce and trade. Dalvk harbour is a large fishing and commercial port; the ferry Sfari, wich sails from Dalvk, serves the island of Grmsey, Iceland's northenmost community, wich lies on the Arctic Circle. rskgsstrnd comprises the villages of Hauganes and rskgssandur, each with a population of under 200. Fishing and fish processing are the main occupations. The ferry Sfari plies between rskgssandur and the island of Hrsey, out in the middle of the fjord, known as "the pearl of Eyjafjrur". The farmers of the Svarfaardalur valley and rskgsstrnd are mainly engaged in dairy farming, while sheep husbandry has declined. Horses are kept by both farmers and towndwellers. Other branches of agriculture include fur farming. Farmhouse holidays and other tourist services play a growing role in the rural areas of Dalvkurbygg. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: http://www.dalvik.is/EN/Information-in-English/ ::::::::Hofn Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see HFN Small town of about 1.800 inhabitants at the Hornafjrdur fjord in the southeast of Iceland. The bus around the island stops here about three times a day. Starting point for tours onto the Vatnajkull glacier. ::::::::Holmavik Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Holmavik Holmavik Karl Kristjansson Holmavik, a village on the western shores of the Steingrimsfiord bay, has been the commercial centre for its county for more than a century. Fishing plays a major role in the villages economy, but during the past decades, tourism has increased rapidly as the road to Isaf jordur has improved and an other less attended road to the northern parts of the Westfiords lies through Holmavik. The villages oldest house has been rebuilt and now houses the restaurant "Caf Riis", in which old photos show the villages history. There is much on offer for tourists, such as trout and char fishing in nearby lakes, sea cruises, whale watching, golf, and tours to island Grimsey. The distance from Reykjavik is 274 km by the Whale Bay tunnel. One of the most popular museums in Iceland is in Holmavik. The Museum of Witchcraft. __________Museums Edit This In Holmavk, the largest town in Strandir, the history of the witch-huntings in 17th century Iceland is presented as well as various aspects of magic from younger sources. The exhibition deals with the people involved, who they were and what were they accused of, and what were the punishments. On display are also examples of grimoires, some from the period of burnings and others copied as late as the early twentieth century, and some of the feats sorcerers were supposed to accomplish according to folklore. The Witchcraft Museum in Holmavik is one of the most popular museums in the country and is open from June 1st - September 15th daily from 10:00 to 18:00. At other times by request. :::::::::::Hveragerdi Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Hiking in the hills behind Hveragerdi Hiking in the hills behind Hveragerdi John Welsh Hveragerdi is a relatively young town that attracts loads of visitors every year because of its geothermal energy sources. The heart of the town consists of several steaming hot springs and mud pools. This energy is used to heat up a plentitude of greenhouses where an abundance of flowers and vegetables are grown and where gardeners and farmers from all over the country come to improve their gardening skills. Besides that, the thermal energy is used for therapy. :::::::Keflavik Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Reykjanes area Reykjanes area www.alex.is Keflavik is a small town (as are almost all Icelandic towns) on a peninsula in the southwest corner. I lived there (more exactly, on a military base there) for 12 months (1985-1986). I found the people friendly, the wind very cold, and the "hot springs" a wonderful place to swim when the wind chill is -40F. The most popular spot, by far, in the area is referred to as the "Blue Lagoon". Iceland in general is a nice place to visit, but I wouldn't want to spend another year there. If you like mutton, small poultry, and fish (Ysa (haddock), which tastes like cod; Salmon; mutton from a very rough looking goat-like creature (also known as sheep); Puffin, a bird which only resides on an island off the coast). When I was there, the country was VERY formally Lutheran. Fish on Friday... everywhere... don't like fish? Tough! :::::::Kjolur route Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Kjolur trail leads from the coast of Northern Iceland through a remote area filled with hot springs, glaciers, snow-capped mountains, windy plateaus, moorlands and eventually also green, lushy fields to south Iceland. Several tour operators offer a Icelandic trekking tour on Icelandic horses. Together with a bunch of other travellers you end up defeating the impressive forces of Iceland's overwhelming nature, finished off with hot steaming drinks and tasty meals at the end of the day, of course. Ooh what a great trip. And some crazy people have been known to have done the route by bike. :::::::Lake myvatn Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Leirhnjkur boiling mud pots Leirhnjkur boiling mud pots Diane Acosta A beautiful lake in Iceland. Volcanic activity takes place here. The name means Midge Lake. There are a lot of species of duck- 15 in all. The volcano Krafla is nearby. As are sulfuric mountains with boiling mud and steam vents. Iceland is powered primarily from geothermal energy. The largest of these plants is one that is next to Krafla. A volcano that is considred active and could go off at any time. ::::::::Landmannalaugar Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Region in the highlands of Iceland. The Laugavegur hiking route starts here. Famous for its great landscape and the natural hotpot, where a warm and a cold brook meet. No soap allowed, and please use a bathing suit. ;) Camping site at hand, as well as the Fjallafang caf, a former bus. There you get hot chocolate, coffee, biscuits, etc and freshly smoked salmon and trout. Absolutely delicious! Note: Don't try to bring your own car, except for 4x4. The risk that you have to go back walking is to high, as you have to cross several unbridged rivers. But you can park your car at the first river and cross it in a safe highland bus. :::::::::Reykjavik Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Reykjavk, a lot of Public Modern Art in this city, here in front of Hallgrmskirkja Reykjavk, a lot of Public Modern Art in this city, here in front of Hallgrmskirkja HollandTraveler Iceland's capital is different from other European cities. It is the world's northernmost capital, and one of the newest, having established itself only in the late 19th century.Reykjavk offers all the pleasures of a modern European city and additionally an interesting old town, white-washed wooden buildings, and lines of brightly painted concrete houses. Almost all places of interest are within a walking distance of the old settlement. The Old Town is centered around the Tjrnin, a small pond on whose shores, Inglfur Arnarson, founded the original settlement in 874. It is here where both the Town Hall and Aling, or National Assembly, is located. Contemporary Reykjavk starts east of the Old Town, and features the shopping high street, Laugavegur, and Hallgrmskirkja, an imposing church resembling a chunk of volcanic basalt. The tower of the church is the city's most noticeable structure. Begun in the late 1940s and completed in 1974, the church is named after Iceland's best-known poet, Hallgrmur Ptursson. You can wander its stark, light-filled interior, then take a lift to the top of a 75m-high (246ft) tower which offers superb views of the city. On the lawn is a statue of Leifur Erksson, triumphantly identified as the 'Son of Iceland, Discoverer of Vinland' (believed to be Newfoundland or Labrador). Anybody interested in Norse and Icelandic culture should head for the National Museum, which houses objects of religious and folk relics, and tools dating from the period of Settlement. The most renowned is a church door, carved around 1200, which depicts a Norse battle scene, while residing in the basement are nautical and agricultural tools and models of early fishing boats and ingenious farm implements. Immediately behind the museum is the rni Magnsson Institute, a must-see for Saga fans with a famous collection of works, including the Landnmabk and Njls Saga. Budget accommodation, cheap eats and bargain shopping are found in the Old Town area of Reykjavik. For entertainment, there is cinema, cultural performances and light shows (sagas, Settlement and Viking extravaganzas)and also "Runtur", which is a Northern equivalent of pub crawling! ::::::::::: Selfoss Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The biggest town in South Iceland, about 4.900 inhabitants. Situated at the lfus river. About 60 km away from Reykjavik, between Hveragerdi and Hella. Selfoss is also the name of a waterfall in the north of Iceland. Selfoss is one of the hidden diamonds of iceland. Only 45 minute drive to the capital of Iceland. Sometimes said that all routes lead to Selfoss because it is situated near many of the greatest sights in Iceland, including Gullfoss, Geysir, Reykjavik, ingvellir,Skgar, Sklholt and many other great places. Many small, interesting towns are situated near Selfoss, such as Hveragerdi, Eyrarbakki, Stokkseyri, Thorlakshofn, Hella, Reykjavik, Skogar and other great destinations. In Eyrarbakki a new guesthouse has just opened. It's called Rein. Rein From Wikitravel "http://wikitravel.org/en/Rein" Jump to: navigation, search A small guesthouse in Iceland 40min (driving) distance from the capital, Reykjavik. (This is a c/p from the guesthouse Rein respective website with permission of the owner) The Guesthouse Welcome to Rein-Guesthouse at Eyrarbakki, Iceland. We offer you a pleasant stay in a beautiful wooden house, built 1997 in the spirit of the original architecture typical for this little village. The house, which has been named Rein is on two floors. The upper floor has three double bedrooms, a communal sitting room with TV and coffee-tea making facilities. On the second floor you will also find a large and attractve bathroom. Breakfast is served in the first floor dining-room. W.C. and shower facilities are also on the first floor. The garden has a hot-tub available for use by guests, and the guests have access to wireless internet. The surroundings are unique, best described by the quiet atmosphere and mysterious light blending in with the refreshing ocean air, mixed with the immense variety of birdlife. In the distance you may hear a dog bark, as well as the appearance of an Icelandic horse and its owner trotting the streets of the village. You will enjoy the amazing evening light in the hot-tub after a busy day, and fall sound asleep into the restfull silence. Location Image:Http://wikitravel.org/en/Image:Kort.jpg Pictures Have not been uploaded yet. But should come very soon. Information: The land to the north of Eyrarbakki is primarily a bird reservation. More info at: WWW.FUGLAVERND.IS A few kilometers from Eyrarbakki is the town of Thorlakshofn. From there the ferry Herjolfur sails to The Westman Islands every day. The islands are approximately sixteen, created by volcanic eruptions. Year 1973 saw a tremendous eruption on the island Heimaey which is the largest of the islands and the only inhibited one. In that eruption lava and pumice flooded over the village which has since been called Pompei of the north. A few destinations with a close proximity - ideal day-trips from Eyrarbakki: One of the most holy of all places in Iceland, Thingvellir is to the north from the town, towards the highland. To the east from Thingvellir is the hot geyser Geysir, one of the most popular tourist destinations. A short distance from there is the spectactular waterfall Gullfoss. Sklholt is an old Bishops seat. From there is an extensive view of the land. Farther east is the valley Thjrsrdalur which opens up into the highlands. Icelands most famous active volcano Hekla towers over the scenery, a reminder of its enormous power. The towns Hella and Hvolsvollur are on Road 1 to the east. Hvolsvollur is home to the popular Saga museum. More info at WWW.NJALA.IS Farther east are the beautiful waterfalls Seljalandsfoss and Skgarfoss. The Folk Museum at Skgar is very interesting and renowned for its uniqueness. Contact: Concerning orders or other information Contact: info@rein-guesthouse.is ::::::::::Seydisfjordur Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo_1 Small village of about 800 people in the east of Iceland. The ferry from and to Denmark arrives and leaves here. _________Getting There Edit This Seydisfjordur - museum Seydisfjordur - museum Petur Kristjansson [Add Global transport mode] Petur Kristjansson Edit This Bus service daily to and from Seyisfjrur across Fjararheii operated by Ferajnusta Austurlands, tel. 472-1515. Car/passenger ferry Norrna sails weekly between Seyisfjrur and Denmark, the Faroes, Norway and Shetland, tel. 472-1111. All further information on footpaths, guided tours, accommodation, services and activities from the Tourist Information Centre , Ferjuleiru 1, tel. 472-1551, fax 472-1588, e-mail ferdamenning@sfk.is more.. type: By Road World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.tekmus.is address: Hafnargata 44, Seydisfj. tel: +354 8617764 email: tekmus@tekmus.is ________ Museums Edit This http://www.tekmus.is [Add Museum] Technical Museum for Eastern Iceland Edit This photo_1 The Technical Museum of East Iceland was established in 1984. The museums main focus is on the influx of modern times around 1880 to 1950. Technical innovations in areas such as mechanics, electricity, communications, telephony, commerce and architecture are interlaced with changes in lifestyle and milieu. Exhibitions are animate and seek to recreate the athmosphere of the times they portray. The museum is also an open air recreation area, outstanding for taking walks and enjoying each others company. We support a family-friendly policy and work progressively on producing more.. World66 rating: [rate it] zipcode: IS-710 url: www.tekmus.is address: Hafnargata 44 tel: +354 - 4721596 email: tekmus@tekmus.is ::::::::::Skaftafell national park Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Svartifoss in Skaftafell National Park Svartifoss in Skaftafell National Park Mike Tossy 2005 Skaftafell National Park is just off the ring road (Route 1) between Vik and Hofn. There are lots of trails and it is home to Skaftafellsjokull glacier. A good trail and an hour hiking takes you to Svartifoss waterfall. It is one days hike to go to Morsajokull glacier, to Skeidarajokull glacier or to Kristinartindur. In a two day glacier hike, the highest mountain of Iceland, Hvannadalshnukur, can be reached. The visitor centre (open in June thorugh September) has interesting displays including video of the 1996 glacial burst floods (caused by a volcanic eruption under the glaciers) of Skeidararsandur which wipped out roads and bridges in the area. There is a camp ground near the visitors centre. Food and maps can be bought there. ::::::::::Thingvellir national park Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see ingvellir, "holy" historical Aling general assembly ground ingvellir, "holy" historical Aling general assembly ground HollandTraveler The "plains of parliament" are located on the continental divide (where the European and North American plates are separating. It's a protected area and one of Iceland's national parks that is significant not just for its geologic features, but more importantly it's the site of the the world's earliest parliament (AD930) known as the Aling. Iceland's official site for Thingvellir http://www.thingvellir.is/english/ :::::::::::Vik Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Vik Vik Diane Acosta Vik is a lovely little town, placed in between high hills that give it a very secluded and cosy feeling. The town gas station is a sure stop for all travellers that continue eastwards through the Myrdalssandur, a big plain of sand and grid left by numorous glacial floods. The black beach of Vk is one of the loveliest ones that are easily reacheble, with a panoramic view of the special rock formation just off the coast. Colonies of artic terns and puffins can be seen at the west end (right side as facing the ocean) of the beach. In the neighbourhood of this little town is also the road leading to Dyrholaey, a stone arch on the shore that is big enough to fit boats. ::::::::::Westman islands Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland Halldr Haraldsson Vestmannaeyjar- Westman Islands- Vestman-islands The Westman Islands are a group of 15-18 islands, depending on how they are classed, and about 30 skerries sand rock pillars, located off the mainlands south coast. The islands were formed by submarine volcanic eruptions along a 30-km long fissure lying southwest to northeast. The largest island is Heimaey, 13.4 km2.Most of the islands have steep sea cliffs, and are well vegetated. Bird hunting and egg collecting are traditional to the islanders culture. A Norse timber church, a gift from the Norwegians to commemorate 1000 years since Christianity was accepted in Iceland, was consecrated on Heimaey. The only church of its type in Iceland, it has been situated at the Skanssvi area where a stone wall, built after the Turkish kidnapping in 1627 occurred, has been rebuilt. Population 4,416. The Community Hunting and fishing are the traditional mainstays of the island economy. Rich fishing grounds surround the islands. For many years Heimaey was one of Icelands largest fishing stations. During the main season, people, from all places and walks of life, flocked here to work long hours and earn money. The population of the town trebled and the number of boats multiplied. Today, ships are larger and more technologically advanced, production has moved from landbased freezing plants to factory ships and consequently the hustle and bustle of the main season is much a thing of the past. A New Island Emerges- Surtsey On the morning of 14th November, 1963, crew aboard sleifur II saw a column of black dust rising from the sea, south-west of Heimaey. An eruption had begun on the seabed which was to last almost four years. By the second day of the eruption the island, Surtsey, was already 10 metres high. When the eruption ended, on 5th June, 1967, the island covered 2,8 square km and reached a height of 170m. Surtsey is protected by law and Icelandic scientists continue to document the colonization of the island by plant and bird life. The Eruption on Heimaey, 1973 The eruption on Heimay began on 23rd January, 1973, just before two oclock in the morning. A fissure opened on the eastern side of the island, only 300-400 metres from Kirkjubir, the most easterly houses in the town. The inhabitants of Heimaey were woken by the police and firebrigade as they drove around, raising the alarm with their sirens. People streamed down to the docks. Fortunately the weather had been stormy the day before and most of the islands fleet of 60-70 fishing boats had stayed in harbour. The boats ferried the towns people to safety in rlkshfn. In March, moltern lava threatened to close the harbour approaches. In a desperate attempt to stop the flow, seawater was pumped on to the lava. This method proved very effective. Today the harbour is considered to be even better than before. The eruption ended on 3rd July, 1973. In six months a new volcano, 225m high, had appeared on the island and a new lava field lay to the east and covered 3.3 square km. Around 360 houses had been buried and many others badly damaged. Before the eruption 5300 people lived on Heimaey, 2000 of these moved back immediately after the eruption ended. Slowly but surely more families returned and began to rebuild their community. Want more? Accommodation Activities and service Events Transportation Live webcam Living on a Volcano, an article about Westman islands (.pdf) |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islanda&action=history IslandaDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
L'Islanda (ufficialmente Repubblica d'Islanda, in islandese: sland o Lveldi sland; IPA: [ˈlivɛltɪ ˈislant]) un'isola ed uno stato dell'Europa settentrionale, nell'Oceano Atlantico settentrionale, situata tra la Groenlandia (200km) e la Gran Bretagna, a nordovest delle Isole Fr er. La capitale islandese Reykjavk.
[modifica] Storia
Paesaggio glaciale in Islanda
[modifica] Luogo di eremitaggioL'Islanda stata abitata inizialmente da monaci eremiti irlandesi celti (scozzesi o irlandesi) a partire dal secolo IX, sebbene ci siano delle ipotesi, supportate solo dalla debole prova del ritrovamento di tre monete trinummus nella parte orientale dell'isola, che l'Islanda fosse gi stata raggiunta dai Romani in epoca precedente.
[modifica] slendingabkL'Islanda fu in seguito colonizzata da Vichinghi norvegesi e da coloni di altri paesi scandinavi.Nel 1380, fu sotto il dominio della Danimarca per circa 6 secoli.Nel 1843,ricostru il parlamento. L'slendingabk, scritto da Ari orgilson, narra la storia antica dell'isola. Il libro indica con Naddoddur colui che sbarc per primo, sulla costa orientale, verso l'850, e battezz quella costa come Snaeland (Terra delle Neve). Il secondo visitatore fu Gardar Svavarsson, che giunse in Islanda basandosi sulla descrizione di Naddoddur. Svavarsson circumnavig l'isola e dimor per l'inverno a Hsavk. Ripart in primavera, lasciando alcuni membri dell'equipaggio, che diventarono i primi abitanti dell'Islanda. Nell'860 Flki Vilgerdarson si trasfer in Islanda con la sua famiglia. Fu lui a dare il nome all'isola, sland, "Terra del Ghiaccio". Rimase deluso del luogo e ritorn in Norvegia. Sembra che si sia ricreduto col passare del tempo e che sia ritornato in Islanda, nel distretto di Skagafjrur. Il libro tratta anche il primo insediamento pianificato, legato al norvegese Inglfur Arnarson, che si stabil nella localit che chiam Reykjavk (Baia Fumosa). Altri seguirono e la parte sud-occidentale dell'Islanda fu colonizzata.
[modifica] AlingAll'inizio del
X secolo
fu fondata la prima assemblea distrettuale da orsteinn Inglfsson. Nel
920, lfljtur
and in Norvegia, per preparare un codice di leggi da utilizzare in
Islanda. Intanto
Grmur Geitskr fu incaricato di trovare un luogo adatto per
l'assemblea parlamentare nazionale, l'Aling,
che, insieme al
Lgting delle
Isole Fr er, la pi antica assemblea parlamentare d'Europa. I rappresentanti della popolazione dirimevano le dispute, emendavano le leggi e designavano le giurie che avrebbero giudicato i processi. Le leggi non venivano scritte, bens mandate a memoria da un lgsgumaur (oratore della legge). importante rimarcare che nell'Alingi non esisteva un vero e proprio potere esecutivo centralizzato, ma le leggi erano applicate dal popolo. Queste circostanze portavano spesso a vere e proprie faide familiari, fornendo amplissimo materiale agli autori delle saghe nordiche. Gli abitanti dell'Islanda erano in prevalenza pagani e adoravano, fra gli altri, Thor, Odino e Freyja; nel X secolo tuttavia cominciarono le pressioni europee per la conversione al Cristianesimo e come risultato alla fine del millennio molte personalit islandesi avevano abbracciato la nuova fede. Nell'anno 1000, per scongiurare una guerra civile che pareva inevitabile, l'Aling decise che uno dei capi, orgeirr Ljsvetningagoi, avrebbe deciso sul tema della religione. Egli decise che l'Islanda si sarebbe dovuta convertire interamente al Cristianesimo, anche se i seguaci della religione pagana vennero lasciati proseguire il loro culto in segreto. Il primo vescovo islandese, sleifr Gizurarson, venne consacrato dal vescovo Adalberto da Brema nel 1056.
[modifica] Epoca di SturlungAll'inizio del secondo millennio l'Aling decise di accettare, anche per convenienza, il cristianesimo. Molte furono le conversioni forzate e le vittime non si contarono tra chi non accett supinamente di convertirsi. Con l'inizio del XII secolo viene a cessare il periodo di pace e prosperit. L'Islanda entr nel periodo storico detto "epoca di Sturlung". Quest'epoca stata narrata nella "Sturlunga Saga".
[modifica] Dominio norvegeseL'Islanda fu saccheggiata da eserciti stranieri. Queste
invasioni provocarono spaccature nel governo dell'isola e le lotte di
potere aumentarono il disordine. Questa situazione diede l'occasione a re
Hkon di Norvegia di intervenire portando la propria protezione.
[modifica] Dominio daneseNel
1397 l'Unione
di Kalmar (Norvegia,
Svezia,
Danimarca), port l'Islanda, quale provincia norvegese, sotto il
dominio danese. Tutti i beni della chiesa furono requisiti dalla Stato
danese con la riforma del
1550.
[modifica] L'indipendenzaIl 17 giugno 1944, nel corso della seconda guerra mondiale, venne proclamata la Repubblica d'Islanda.
[modifica] Dopo l'indipendenzaL'Islanda membro fondatore (4 aprile 1949) della NATO, alla quale ader a condizione di non essere costretta a partecipare a conflitti armati (anche perch, per sua scelta, l'Islanda non ha una propria forza militare). Fa parte del Consiglio Nordico, dell'Associazione europea di libero scambio (EFTA), nonch, dal 25 marzo 2001, dello spazio di Schengen.
[modifica] Geografia
L'Islanda vista dal satellite
Dorsale medio-atlantica nel sud dell'Islanda, presso
il parco nazionale di ingvellir
L'Islanda situata sulla frattura geologica del medio atlantico. Vi si trovano parecchi vulcani attivi, sopratutto l'Hekla e circa il 10% della superficie islandese ricoperta da ghiacciai. L'isola ha parecchi geyser (che una parola islandese) e un'ampia disponibilit di energia geotermale fa s che buona parte della popolazione abbia acqua calda e riscaldamento a basso costo, nonch energia elettrica prodotta dalle centrali geotermiche. Alcuni litorali dell'isola sono formati da fiordi. sempre sui litorali che si trova la maggiorparte delle localit abitate. Le principali citt sono la capitale Reykjavik, Keflavik (ove si trova l'aeroporto) e Akureyri. L'isola di Grmsey situata sul circolo artico la localit abitata pi settentrionale d'Islanda. Contrariamente alla Groenlandia, l'Islanda considerata normalmente facente parte dell'Europa e non dell'America settentrionale. la diciottesima isola pi grande al mondo e la seconda d'Europa dopo la Gran Bretagna e prima dell'Irlanda. interessante notare come l'Islanda, intesa come isola e non come Stato, tutta situata, anche se di pochissimo, a sud del Circolo Polare. Nel punto a nord est, il capo di Rifstangi, il Circolo Polare dista appena tre chilometri. Nessun punto della superficie dell'isola supera questo famoso parallelo, che delimita da sud la Calotta Polare artica. Solo l'isolotto di Grimsey, e nella parte nord (perci per pochi chilometri) viene tagliato dal parallelo del Circolo. Dal Circolo Polare in poi, andando a nord, - oppure rimanendo sotto il circolo polare, ma recandosi su una collina sufficientemente elevata (anche di cento metri) - si pu ammirare lo spettacolo del sole di mezzanotte. Proprio sul Circolo, solo un giorno all'anno, quello del solstizio d'estate, il 21 giugno; mentre man mano che si sale verso nord il periodo aumenta. Settimane, mesi, con il massimo di sei mesi proprio sull'esatto Polo Nord. Sembrerebbe che un vero e proprio "divieto" impedisca che questa grande isola ospiti il Circolo Polare. Se si guarda una cartina dell'Islanda, si nota questa stranezza: il famoso parallelo sfiora in due punti, ma soprattutto a oriente, le frastagliate coste settentrionali islandesi.
[modifica] GeologiaLa presenza di spaccature e canyon di ogni dimensione e forma, dovuti all'incessante attivit geotermica, fanno s che la presenza delle cascate formate dall'acqua dei numerosi fiumi e ruscelli che scorrono dai ghiacciai all'oceano sia pressoch infinita, se ne contano pi di diecimila su tutto il territorio.
[modifica] ClimaIl clima inadatto all'agricoltura, che pure potrebbe trovare condizioni favorevoli nei terreni vulcanici cos fertili Relativamente alla latitudine (63-66 N) e nonostante le sue penisole settentrionali sfiorino il circolo polare artico, il clima dellIslanda relativamente mite anche per linfluenza di parte delle correnti calde nord-atlantiche. Lestate molto breve con temperature che oscillano tra i 12 e i 18 C. In questo periodo la giornata di luce dura 24 ore e a nord il sole resta sempre sopra lorizzonte. Allinterno e a nordovest, a causa di una maggiore influenza della corrente fredda proveniente dalla Groenlandia, il clima molto pi rigido e manca una vera e propria estate. Le piogge ammontano a circa 1000-2000 mm annui lungo le coste meridionali e orientali, a 870 mm a Reykjavik e a 300-400 mm a nord. In inverno le temperature non scendono di molto sotto lo 0 e complessivamente la temperatura molto pi mite che a New York o a Vienna.
[modifica] AmbienteIn Islanda sono presenti tre parchi nazionali:
Pi di ottanta le aree di protezione di tipo diverso: parchi, monumenti naturali, riserve paesaggistiche e rifugi faunistici.
[modifica] PoliticaIl parlamento islandese (Althing) ha 63 membri, che vengono eletti dalla popolazione ogni quattro anni. Capo di governo il primo ministro che presiede assieme al suo gabinetto la parte esecutiva del governo. Il primo ministro nominato dal capo dello stato (Presidente della Repubblica), che viene eletto ogni quattro anni.
[modifica] Presidenti della Repubblica
[modifica] Partiti politiciI principali partiti politici:
[modifica] Suddivisione amministrativa
[modifica] MunicipalitIl territorio suddiviso in 124 sslur (municipalit). La maggior parte include un centro abitato principale (kaupstaur).
[modifica] Contee
Le 23 contee sono suddivisioni prevalentemente storiche dell'isola. Attualmente l'Islanda suddivisa in 26 magistrati che sono tra l'altro la massima autorit sulla polizia locale (salvo a Reykjavk dove si trova un apposito ufficio) e che celebrano i matrimoni non religiosi.
[modifica] EconomiaFatta sopratutto di pesca: merluzzi,gamberetti e aringhe.Il mare molto pescoso anche se i numerosi peschereci, provenienti da altri Stati, lo impoveriscono.L'agricoltura comprende modeste coltivazioni di patate e cereali, nelle serre vengono coltivati frutti e ortaggi, grazie al calore geotermico.L'allevamento comprende sopratutto ovini(470 000) insieme ad animali da pelliccia.L'industria non molto sviluppata nonostante abbia a disposizione molta energia elettrica.Il paese dispone di stabilimenti per la produzione di ferro e alluminio, il turismo ha buone prspettive.
[modifica] TrasportiIn Islanda la rete ferroviaria assente.
[modifica] Flora e fauna
[modifica] FaunaNel nordest si trova uno degli ultimi territori selvaggi d'Europa con molti uccelli e renne (importate dalla Norvegia, ma allo stato brado). Tra gli uccelli degno di menzione la pulcinella di mare (Fratercula arctica), considerato una sorta di simbolo animale dell'isola. Sull'isola si trova pure la volpe polare. Il Mink? Visone (un predatore) fuggito da allevamenti per pellicce e non ha nemici naturali. Il cavallo islandese una razza con un trotto (Tlt) veloce, sicuro e comodo per la cavalcata. vietata l'importazione di cavalli in quanto si teme l'introduzione di malattie equine e la purezza della razza del cavallo islandese. L'Islanda stata da sempre un'isola di pastorizia. Gli ovini (prevalentemente della razza Round-Up Rttir) godono come pure i cavalli di molta libert e possono approfittare di ampi pascoli, dai quali vengono richiamati solo in autunno.Nel 1986, stata vietatala caccia alle balene Posti importanti per l'avifauna sono p.es. la penisola Ltrabjarg, il lago Mvatn, le isole Vestmannaeyjar. Altri uccelli presenti sull'isola (elenco incompleto):
[modifica] FloraLa flora islandese ha alcune specie endemiche. I lupini, con una caratteristica fioritura violetta in giugno, vennero introdotti dopo la seconda guerra mondiale. Si fa notare l'assenza di boschi. Al momento della colonizzazione la situazione era differente, ma in seguito alla costruzione navale, alla forte presenza di pecore e all'edilizia il disboscamento nel corso dei secoli stato praticamente totale. Attualmente ci sono sforzi per la riforestazione. Gli effetti di questa riforestazione possono essere ammirati in alcuni siti della parte settentrionale dell'isola. In Islanda ci sono tre parchi nazionali.A causa del clima la vegetazione non molto sviluppata, si riduce a muschi, prati e piccoli boschi.
[modifica] DemografiaL'isolamento dell'isola e la conseguente scarsa immigrazione ha portato ad un ridotta variabilit genetica che viene appositamente studiata. La lingua parlata l'islandese, una lingua scandinava, che ha avuto poche trasformazioni dal Medioevo a causa dell'isolamento geografico.
[modifica] ReligioniProtestanti luterani 90%, cattolici 2%, altri cristiani 5%, atei e agnostici 3%.
[modifica] Arte e cultura
Chiesa di Hallgrmskirkja a
Reykjavk
Alcuni famosi islandesi sono la cantante Bjrk, il gruppo dream-pop Sigur Rs e il novellista Halldr Laxness, premio Nobel per la letteratura nel 1955. Il regista Fririk r Fririksson venne nominato nel 1992 all'Oscar.
[modifica] Tradizioni
I cognomi stessi sono rari, solitamente quelli che vengono percepiti come cognomi sono semplicemente indicazione del nome del padre con il suffisso -son per i figli oppure -dottir per le figlie. Questi nomi vengono mantenuti anche in seguito a matrimonio. frequente dare ai propri figli i nomi gi presenti in famiglia. Molti islandesi sono in grado di ripercorrere il proprio albero genealogico fino ai tempi della colonizzazione.
Cade il primo gioved dopo il 18 aprile. Si tratta del primo giorno del primo mese estivo Harpa secondo l'antica suddivisione islandese dei mesi. Molto prima dell'introduzione dei regali di natale, questo era il giorno per i regali ai bimbi. Gli antichi nomi islandesi dei mesi sono ancora in uso. Anticamente si distingueva solo tra le stagioni "inverno" e "estate". Tuttora l'et dei cavalli viene contata in inverni e non in anni. Il mese orri il quarto mese invernale, durante il quale si festeggia orrablt, simile al carnevale.
durante il quale molti islandesi approfittano del fine settimana prolungato per fare gite fuoriporta e grandi feste.
[modifica] Voci correlate
[modifica] Altri progetti
[modifica] Collegamenti esterni
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