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Romanticismo*** |
Emozioni di Quartiere |
La Poesia |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_literature Cronologia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israeli_literature&action=history Israeli literatureFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Israeli literature, generally referred to as Hebrew literature, is poetry and prose written in modern Hebrew, as part of the renaissance of the Hebrew language in modern times.
[edit] HistoryThe first modern Hebrew poetry and prose was the work of 19th century Jewish writers from countries in Europe whose mother tongue was not Hebrew. Scholom Aleichem wrote in Russian, Hebrew and Yiddish; I.L. Peretz and Mendele Mocher Sforim wrote in Hebrew and Yiddish; Chaim Nachman Bialik grew up in Russia, but wrote in Hebrew. Some of these authors first published their work in Hebrew language newspapers published in Europe. Many of the pioneers of Hebrew literature were Zionists, and eventually made their way to Palestine. Some wrote in Hebrew before their arrival, while others adopted Hebrew as the vehicle for their literary endeavors only after settling in Palestine.[1]
[edit] The 1940s and 1950sDuring the 1940s and 1950s: "the War of Independence Generation" (he:סופרי דור תש"ח). Native-born writers were conflicted "between individualism and commitment to society and state"; characterized by "social realism".
[edit] The 1960sDuring the early 1960s: "Very influential" writers followed less "ideological patterns", and wrote more about the individual; "psychological realism, allegory and symbolism"; "speculation and skepticism regarding... conventions".
[edit] The 1980s and 1990sDuring the 1980s and 1990s: "Intense literary activity", aimed at "enabling readers to understand themselves", characterized "three generations" of authors, including Oz, Yehoshua, Kaniuk, as well as:
[edit] Holocaust fictionThe Holocaust was put in fresh perspective by Appelfeld and Grossman, as well as (among others):
[edit] New themesNew themes arose:
[edit] Women authorsWomen authors became more prominent on "general topics", as well as women's role within "Jewish tradition and... in the Zionist enterprise":
[edit] Detective fictionSome of the above women (Lapid and Gur) began writing detective fiction, as well as the following men and women:
[edit] The younger generationA "younger generation" of authors that is "more universalistic", "alienated, surreal and idiosyncratic":
Some postmodernist writers:
[edit] Late 1990sA new front of young authors active in the late 1990s and new millennium (see also [1])
[edit] Hebrew children's booksWriting for children:
[edit] Publication of books in IsraelBy law, the Jewish National and University Library of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem receives two copies of each book published in Israel. In 2004 it reported that it received 6,436 new books. Most of them were published in Hebrew, and most of those books published in Hebrew were original to the Hebrew language. Almost 8% of the 2004 crop were children's books and another 4% were textbooks. According to the type of publisher, the books were 55% commercial, 14% self-published, 10% governmental, 7% educational, and 14% published by other types of organizations. [2]
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